Otherwise, the items separation index of planning and design stage was 8 (8.71). The results of the summary statistic indicate that items reliability for both constructs were 0.99.
Meanwhile, for the construction stage construct, raw variance explained was 57.5% with the unexplained variance in the first factor was at 8.7%. In unidimensional measure, for the construct of the planning and design stage, raw variance explained was 53.6% with the unexplained variance in the first factor was 9.0%. The findings indicated that five Likert scales for the two constructs of the planning and design stage and construction stage were exceeded the recommended minimum number of responses of 20 The constructs validity was determined by PT-measure correlation value (PMC) for 11 items range from 0.24 to 0.54 for the construct of the design and planning phase, except one item was 0.17 While the construction phase construct, PT-measure correlation value (PMC) for 13 items range from 0.19 to 0.55, except three items were 0.11 0.15 0.17, which mean's below 0.19. The current study is concerned to produce empirical evidence of the reliability and validity of items using a survey questionnaire for factors of variation orders (VOs) in roadway construction projects, analyzed using Rasch analysis Model via Winstep software 3.72.3 104 questionnaire was distributed between professionals from government organizations, construction firms, and consulting firms which deals with JKR roadway projects in the north region of Malaysia (Penang State).
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